Webb DJ, Nguyen DH, Gonias SL

Webb DJ, Nguyen DH, Gonias SL. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase functions in the urokinase receptor-dependent pathway by which neutralization of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein promotes fibrosarcoma cell migration and matrigel invasion. of HAECs with low-dose thrombin (1 mU/ml) induced signaling cascades that were similar to stimulation with HLA class I antibodies. HLA class I antibodies also stimulated the translocation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) and ERK1/2 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane independently of stress fiber cis-Urocanic acid assembly. These findings identify novel roles for HLA class I signaling in ECs and provide new insights into the role of ERK1/2 and mTORC2 in cytoskeleton regulation, which may be important in promoting transplant vasculopathy, tumor angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis. 0.05. Western blot analysis. Serum-starved cultures of HAECs were stimulated, washed with ice-cold PBS, and lysed in buffer (containing 20 mM Tris pH 7.9, 137 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, 1 mM EGTA, 10% glycerol, 1% Triton X-100, 10 mM NaF, 1 mM PMSF, cis-Urocanic acid 1 mM Na3VO4, 10 g/ml aprotinin, and 10 g/ml leupeptin) for 10 min on ice. Protein concentration was determined using the BCA protein assay kit (Pierce). Lysates were mixed with 2 SDS loading buffer, boiled, and run on a SDS-PAGE gel, and proteins were transferred overnight to Immobilon-P membranes (Millipore). Membranes were blocked using 5% BSA or 5% nonfat milk in TBS-Tween for 15 min and incubated overnight at 4C with the appropriate antibodies. Primary antibodies to immunoreactive bands were visualized using horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit, anti-mouse, or anti-goat antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology). The Western blot quantification was performed using ImageJ densitometry software. Each band was normalized to the loading control and the intensity was calculated relative to control of each experiment. Fluorimetry. HAECs were plated onto rectangular glass coverslips, grown to 80% confluence, and serum starved for 2 h before measurement. Cells were then incubated in HBSS containing 1.8 mM Ca2+ and the Ca2+ indicator fura-2-AM at 5 mM (Molecular Probes, Invitrogen) for 20 min, then washed once with HBSS. Coverslips were mounted in a standard 1-cm path length cuvette filled with saline (37C) using a special holder (ANO-2100; Hitachi Instruments). The cuvette was placed in a fluorimeter (F-2000, Hitachi Instruments) with a heated jacket (37C), and the solution was continuously stirred using a small magnetic stir bar. Small volumes of 200 concentrated agonist solutions were introduced into the bottom one-third of the cuvette, with a Hamilton syringe. All concentrations reported are the final steady-state mixed value. Injection cis-Urocanic acid Rabbit Polyclonal to C9orf89 was completed within 1 s. Measurements of mixing kinetics showed that introduced test solutions were completely mixed (at the level of the detection window-about the middle 1/3 of the cuvette) within 2 s and with no sizable overshoot. The size of the detection window allowed measurement on the order of 105 cells. Excitation was set to 340 and 380 nm, and emission signal was collected at 380 nm, all with a 10-nm bandwidth. Samples were taken every 0.5 s using associated software (F-2000 Intracellular Cation Measurement System; Hitachi Instruments). The software created the 340/380 nm ratios, which are proportional to intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Immunoprecipitation. HAECs were grown in 100-mm dishes to 80C90% confluence and serum starved before immunoprecipitation. They were rinsed once with ice-cold PBS and lysed in ice-cold lysis buffer (40 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 120 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM -glycerophosphate, 50 mM NaF, 1.5 mM Na3VO4, 0.3% CHAPS, 10 g/ml aprotinin, and 10 g/ml leupeptin). Samples were sonicated for 5 min and placed on a rotator at 4C for 20 min. After lysis, cell debris was removed by centrifugation at 14,000 rpm for 10 min. Then, 4C8 g of the appropriate antibody were added to the cleared supernatant, and the samples were placed on a rotator overnight. Protein A/G beads (60 l) were added to pull down immune complexes. Immunoprecipitates were washed four times in wash buffer (10 mM HEPES pH 7.5, 50 mM -glycerophosphate, and 5 mM NaCl), 30 l of 2 SDS loading buffer were added, and samples were boiled 5 min and loaded onto a 6 or 12% SDS-PAGE gel. RESULTS Characterization of thrombin-induced cytoskeleton regulation in HAECs. Initially, we examined the effect of either 1 U/ml or 1 mU/ml of thrombin on actin stress fiber formation, MLC phosphorylation (Thr18/Ser19), and [Ca2+]i. Stimulation with thrombin at 1 U/ml induced a striking increase in [Ca2+]i that peaked at 60 sec and declined to a plateau level that was maintained for the duration of the experiment (Fig. 1 0.0001. = 0.0004) in stress fiber formation compared with control and concomitant MLC phosphorylation. At.